Google have provided us a good method to save our sites from duplicate content and give us a choice to choose the desired content which we really feel relevant to our website. But I have to say that this method is being abused in a way which I haven’t thought before.

Yes, people are using canonical url for transferring Google PR to another pages of their website for sake of link building. Following are the methods used by many people on their website which I have seen (Please don’t use these methods as I am only providing this as a Proof).

• Firstly they will create a link or resource page on their website for link exchange purpose.

• After that they will use canonical tag on this particular resource or link page and make it canonical with respect to the home page or some other page which already have high PR.

• Now what happens that after Google updates its PR the resource page or link page automatically gets the PR of that page which is used as canonical.

• Now all is set for the blunder i.e they use it for link exchange and people start linking to that page without knowing what’s going behind the scene.

I really don’t know if Google really treat this as unethical but I am really surprised to see that how canonical url can be abused in this way. I will say and suggest that please don’t use unethical methods to get backlinks for your website because in long run you will have to suffer as Google periodically updates its algorithms and I am sure that this type of unethical link building method will not exist for a long time.

A normal person spends almost 8 to 10 hours daily in front of his or her computer be it at home or office and not many keeps an eye on his or her posture while working on computers for such a long time. Taking care of little things will really help and save you from a lot of pain in the future. Our Sitting posture really plays a vital role in our overall health as well as our productivity in our daily work. If sitting posture while working on a computer is not taken seriously then it can cause severe back pain and in future it can take a form of CTD or cumulative trauma disorder.

Here are some tips and guide which will help you in maintaining your sitting posture

• Choose a stable working place where the computer is placed and choose a computer which can be adjusted according to your needs.

• When you are seating comfortably then ensure that the distance should be an arm’s length from you. Make sure that monitor should be at the level of you eyes so that you don’t have to look up or down which will really stress your eyes.

• Now comes the chair which plays an important role in maintaining your posture so always choose a chair which provides a good parallel support. Always sit at the back of the chair and not in the center.

• Placement of keyboard and mouse are equally important for getting a good posture while working and therefore you have to place your keyboard and mouse at the same height as your elbow. Placement of mouse should be adjacent to the keyboard and at the same height as it.

• Now comes the role of our feet which should be flat on the floor. Knees should be at the same level as the hips and there should be atleast 2 to 4 inches of distance between the edges of your seat.

• When working on a computer for a longer period of time make a habit of taking regular shorts breaks in-between.

• Give your eyes a break from focusing on the screen and don’t stare the screen for longer period of time just shift your focus away from the screen and try to focus on other objects in the room.

• Last but not the least, some stretching exercises will really help you getting relaxed. Stretch your neck by moving your head forward/backward and side to side.

Link Building surely is the backbone of any SEO campaign. You have a great site with relevant content but if you don’t have enough links then no body will ever know that you exist in the Internet World.

In this Guide I will try to explain some key factors about link building and tell you how you can use them in a right way to acquire good rankings in search engines.

As you know search engines are crawler based systems which crawls links and get the information required. Therefore every successful site has to have link pointing to them and search engines takes a very sharp look to the links that come into the site, links that lead out of the site, and links within the site.

How to Get the Links

Research Your Competitor’s Backlinks: In my opinion this is the best method to quickly get the desired links. Analyze your competitor’s links by using Google’s link: operator or you can better use yahoo which will populate all the backlinks pointing to your competitor’s website. Then try to analyze the websites and request a link back from them and I am sure you will get the links which will be relevant to your niche.

Writing Articles and Submitting Them: This method is most effective for getting unique inbound links. You should write unique, accurate and useful article for others in your niche. Once you have written the article then post them into some of the best article submission site (make sure you have your site’s link in the article), I will provide the list later in the section.

Comments on other blogs: You won’t get the direct search engine benefit but still blogs comments are effective in getting indirect traffic to your website provided your comments are relevant to the theme.

Press Releases: Write some great press releases on your niche and distribute them to journalists, bloggers and above all submit them to some good online press release websites. Please take care to include a link back to your site while writing a press release because the link you provide leads back to our website.

Social Bookmarking: Bookmarking is another great online tool to get backlink along with free referral traffic. There are numerous online social bookmarking websites where you can submit your links. I will provide the links later in the post. Please keep in mind that when bookmarking your website edit the title and description so that it won’t create the duplicity.

Link Request: This is one of the most tedious tasks when executing a link building campaign. But surely if you master it you will get plenty of links. Most requests are based on mutual reciprocal process i.e. you link to me and I will link to you. You can send request to other relevant site that you would like to exchange links with. To get maximum benefit of link exchanges remember to place their link first and then request for the desired link.

Top 10 Article Submission Sites:

• EzineArticles.com
• GoArticles.com
• ArticleDashboard.com
• SearchWarp.com
• ArticlesBase.com
• Buzzle.com
• ArticleCity.com
• IdeaMarketers.com
• ArticleAlley.com
• SearchGuild.com

Top 10 Press Release Submission Sites

• Betanews
• Directionsmag
• Prleap
• Nanotech-now
• Prlog
• Free-press-release
• Clickpress
• I-newswire
• Filecluster
• 1888pressrelease

Top 10 Social Bookmarking Sites

• Digg
• Twitter
• Reddit
• StumbleUpon
• Delicious
• Blinklist
• Mister-Wong
• Faves
• Clipmarks
• Mixx

You might come to this page via some search engine searching similar content as written in this post. Nothing is beyond our reach in the web because Search Engines are there to help us finding the exact information we are looking for.

Let us explore some of the interesting facts about search engines and how they came into existence.

Way back in the 90s there was no such thing like World Wide Web or www. Today even a child knows about the web in a better sense. But still Internet was there and there were many files on the network which were available for the people. At that time the main way of receiving files was by using File Transfer Protocol and that was the only medium through which people exchange files over the internet. In order to carry out this task FTP servers were used which a computer user setup on his or her computer. An FTP client was used to connect to this FTP server by a user who wants to receive the file. Anyone who wanted to share a file had first setup an FTP server to make the file available. This was the way most of the file sharing was done.

A need for a system where everyone can search and find his related information was there. An initiative was taken by a man called Alan Emtage who created the first ever search engine called Archie in 1990. Archie collects information by crawling the internet and then matched the files it found with search queries and returned results from its database.

Archie laid a foundation which lead to the development of many search engines like Veronica, Wanderer, ALIWEB, WebCrawler, AltaVista, Hotbot, Ask Jeeves, Teoma and finally Google.

While resolving any errors in a computer system you should first have to know about the different properties of a computer system. Following are some basic properties typically found in a computer system.

Find Your Version Of Windows.
It will really help you to find out the latest hardware and software pieces for your system if you know what version of windows you are using. Follow the steps to find out your version of windows.

• On your Desktop right click on My Computer Icon. You can also find out the My Computer Icon by clicking the start button at the bottom left corner of Windows.
• Select the properties and windows will opens. You will see the version of windows there.

Find Your Hard Drive’s Size and Remaining Space.
A hard drive stores all the programs and data on your computer. Generally a computer becomes slow when the memory in the hard disk is full so you should know how much space is left so that you can utilize the remaining space accordingly.
Following steps will helps you in finding the total size and space of a hard disk.

• On your Desktop double click the My Computer Icon
• A Windows opens. Here you will find the partitions of your hard disk generally start with C Drive, D Drive etc.
• Right click on the icon for the hard drive you want to check i.e. if you want to check the space for C drive just right click on C drive and similarly for D or other drives. After that click on properties.
• A window will open. On General tab you will find out the used space and free space of your hard drive.

Find Out the Version of USB
USB Generally comes in two versions USB 1.1 which is bit slower and USB 2.1 which is faster than USB 1.1. Follow the steps to know which version of USB you are using.

• On Your Desktop right click on My Computer Icon.
• Select Properties.
• Windows will open. Select the hardware tab.
• Click the Device Manager Button.
• Another Windows Opens. Click the plus (+) sign next to the Universal Serial Bus Controllers Category.

Desktop Computer:

Desktop computer also known as personal computer which is generally confined to single location. Desktop computer generally comprise of a central processing unit (CPU), a monitor, a keyboard which are connected by special cables. The name Desktop is generally used as it could fit on a desk. Desktop computers come in variety of sizes that includes tiny PDAs to PC Towers.

Laptop Computer:

Laptop computer or generally called as notebook computer is a battery powered personal computer which is generally smaller than a briefcase and light enough to sit on a person’s lap. A laptop can be seen as an integrated form of a desktop computer into a single small unit. It integrates most of the components used in Desktop computer including a display, mouse, keyboard and speakers.

Major Difference Between Desktop and Laptop Computer:

• Due to the standardization of the components of a desktop computer it is cheaper and parts are easily available as compared to laptop.
• A laptop computer provides portability which is not in the case of desktop computers due its size.
• In Desktop Computer there is provision for adding number of accessories because of its size and more space available for storage which is not in the case of a Laptop computer.
• Laptops can be easily stolen as compared to the Desktop computers.

How to decide between a Desktop and a Laptop.
You may be a new customer or existing customer who already used a desktop computer and now you are deciding what is good for you i.e. a laptop or a desktop. This question entirely revolves around the need and the kind of task you want to get out of your machine. Many people seem crazy about buying a laptop without keeping in mind the advantages and disadvantages of each type of PC.

The main benefit of a laptop is the portability its gives which is not there in case of a desktop computer. It allows you to take your PC to and from work; you can take it on vacation and anywhere else. But alongside comes a big drawback i.e. it can be stolen much easier than a desktop computer and you will not only lose your laptop but also the important data.

In present time you can find a notebook PC of any size from 5 inches to 20 inches which include different processor speed and different set of prices that means almost anyone can buy a laptop PC. But again the question arises that would it really make any difference in your type of work or you are buying just for sake of it. So think before buying a laptop and don’t put yourself in a stage where you would be telling yourself that you had purchased a desktop instead.

Resources to help you in buying a laptop:
Just visit http://computers.toptenreviews.com/laptops/ and http://reviews.cnet.com/best-laptops/ to know the best laptop for you.

Resources to help you in buying a Desktop:
Visit http://www.pcmag.com/category2/0,2806,4,00.asp and http://reviews.cnet.com/best-desktops/ which helps you to find best for you.

Windows XP Error Message: “0×00000050 PAGE_FAULT_IN_NON_PAGED_AREA.”

You generally get this error during a Windows XP Installation. The main cause of this error message is that one or more of system’s RAM memory module is faulty.

Solution: As said before this error occurred due to the faulty RAM memory module. Remove a memory module and restart the installation process. If you are still getting the same error message then replace the memory module you just removed and restart the setup process again. You have to continue this process until you fix the specific memory module that is causing the error message.

Note: Windows XP needs atleast 128MB of RAM to run properly. It will be better if you can increase the memory to 256MB or 512MB.

Error Message: “STOP: 0x0000000A irql_not_less_or_equal.”

This particular error message is generally appear when you are upgrading your system from Windows 98/Me to Windows XP.

The term IRQL refers to interrupt request lines which are actually the communication channel through which computer hardware devices communicate With the CPU. So whenever a device needs a CPU attention, it uses an interrupt request to let the CPU know that it has data that requires handling. So it is obvious that this error message indicates a problem with some hardware or device drivers.

Solution: The main cause of this problem is an incompatible hardware device or device driver. To resolve this problem just restart your computer and try to get back to your previous Windows version and uninstall any antivirus, boot manager software and clean boot your PC.

In any case if you can’t able to get into your previous version of Operating System then remove every unnecessary piece of hardware from your system. This includes USB (Universal Serial Bus) devices to sound cards and network cards. If still you can’t able to install XP then try flashing your BIOS to a new version. You have to consult your computer’s manufacturer to figure out how to do this.

Your PC starts up with a multiboot menu when you have more than one operating system installed. You can edit or create a new startup menu that lets you choose which operating system to boot into. This menu stays live for 30 seconds and after 30 seconds it boots into your default operating system.

In order to customize that multiboot menu you have to edit the boot.ini file, a hidden system file. This file control a variety of startup options like how long to display the menu, which operating system to boot into.

The Boot.ini is plain text file which reside in the root folder i.e c:/folder. Boot.ini is hidden and read only file therefore before editing it you have to unhide it. To make it visible just go to windows explorer, choose view –> Tools –>Folder Options –>View and then select the radio button “Show Hidden Files And Folders”. Now to make the file editable right click on the file and then choose properties, uncheck the Read-Only box, and click OK.

Tips To Edit The File

You can use Notepad to edit the Boot.ini file. Before editing boot.ini, make a copy of it and save it under a different name (such as boot.ini.bak), so that you can revert to it if you cause problems when you edit the file.

A typical boot.ini file that has two operating system installed on it, Windows Xp Professional  and Windows 200 Professional.

[boot loader]
timeout=30
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
[operating systems]
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINNT="Windows 2000 Professional" /
fastdetect

There are two parts in the file [boot loader] and [operating systems].
In order to customize the menu and startup options, you have to edit the entries in each part. Before making any changes make sure you have taken the backup of original boot.ini file.

Each Section In Detail

[boot loader]

Boot Process is controlled by this section. It specifies the default Operating System and the time taken to make a selection from boot menu. The timeout value in seconds shows how long to display the menu and wait for a selection before loading the default operating system. Enter a value of 15 if you want to display the menu for 15 seconds. For immediately booting the default operating system use a value of 0.

Next is the Default value which specifies which operating system should be taken as default. You can change the default operating system by editing the setting, in the example given above we can change the default operating system to default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINNT instead of default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS

[operating system]

This section tells which operating system is installed on the computer along with the detail description of each.

multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS

Multi: This parameter identifies the disk controller and its value should be 0.

Disk: The value of disk parameter should be 0

Rdisk: The value should be 0 but in case you have three hard disks installed and the location of boot partition is second hard drive then setting will be rdisk(1).

Partiton: This parameter identifies the partition number of the boot partition.

The final section i.e Windows is path to the folder where the operating system is installed.

To the right of the path in the example is =”Microsoft Windows XP Professional” /fastdetect. The word in the quotes will be displayed on the boot menu. You can change this to anything you want. The /fastdetect switch enables faster booting by disabling the detection of serial and parallel devices.

Now let’s make some changes to our example given above. Let’s make menu to appear for 20 seconds, the default operating system to be Windows 2000 Professional, the boot.ini file should look like this:

[boot loader]
timeout=20
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINNT
[operating systems]
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINNT="Windows 2000 Professional" /fastdetect

Reboot or Shutdown Windows XP In One Single Click.

Whenever you turnoff or restart your computer you have to perform certain actions like click the Start menu, choose Shut Down, and then select Shut Down or Restart. But there is a way where you can bypass these steps by creating the restart or shutdown shortcut that enables one-click shutdowns.

To create the shortcut just right click on your desktop choosing New, and then choosing Shortcut.

After that a create shortcut wizard will appear and a box will appear asking for the location of the shortcut, type shutdown. When shortcut is created, double-clicking on it will shut down your PC.

There is much more than this, you can add extra switches which will give you more control over  it.

shutdown -r -t 01 -c “Rebooting your PC” (Don’t copy paste, just type it)

Double-clicking on that shortcut will reboot your PC after a delay of one second and display the message “Rebooting Your PC”.

Below are two shortcuts one for Shutdown and other for Restart.

shutdown -s -t 03 -c “Bye Bye” (Don’t copy paste, just type it) -> This Will Shutdown Your PC

shutdown -r -t 03 -c “Coming Back” (Don’t copy paste, just type it) -> This Will Restart Your PC